The main difference between USB-C and Thunderbolt lies in their capabilities and performance:
USB-C: USB-C is a type of connector that is widely used for data transfer, power delivery, and video output. It is characterized by its small size, reversible design, and versatility. USB-C ports support various USB protocols, including USB 3.1, USB 3.2, and USB4, which offer different data transfer speeds (up to 20 Gbps for USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 and up to 40 Gbps for USB4). USB-C ports can also support Power Delivery (PD) for charging devices and DisplayPort Alternate Mode for video output.
Thunderbolt: Thunderbolt ports use the USB-C connector but offer significantly higher performance and additional features compared to standard USB-C ports. Thunderbolt 3, the most common version, supports data transfer speeds of up to 40 Gbps, which is four times faster than USB 3.1 Gen 2. Thunderbolt ports also support Power Delivery for charging devices with up to 100W of power, and they can daisy-chain multiple Thunderbolt devices together. Additionally, Thunderbolt ports can carry PCIe signals, allowing for the connection of high-performance peripherals like external GPUs and high-resolution displays.
In summary, while USB-C and Thunderbolt ports use the same physical connector, Thunderbolt offers higher performance, additional features, and greater versatility compared to standard USB-C ports. Thunderbolt is typically found on high-end laptops, desktop computers, and professional-grade peripherals, while USB-C is more commonly used for everyday devices and peripherals.